How To Make Et Al Possessive

In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity.

How to make et al possessive. I am afraid that i am going to disagree with the above posts as et al. The possessive form is used with nouns referring to people groups of people countries and animals. If you are using a in text reference you can use the et al but in the reference bibliography list you must state all the authors in full. If you need to make possessive of this you should use an of phrase. Et alii is a latin phrase and latin has its own rules about making plural possessives and those rules do not involve apostrophes.

Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then using et al for the second and subsequent citations. If the noun is plural or already ends in s just add an apostrophe after the s. 96 in the sixth edition of the publication manual. The data reported by smith et al therefore it is already possessive as it is. It shows a relationship of belonging between one thing and another.

In this case the latin abbreviation et al meaning and others is essential. The study was performed by green. In mla style you will need to quote the full name of the. And others et al is used as an abbreviation of et alii masculine plural or et aliae feminine plural or et alia neuter plural when referring to a number of people. For subsequent in text citations of a work with 3 to 5 authors.

Therefore in the example above the correct usage would be adams s 2013 work. Use the lead author s name and et al. Per apa style the answer is that the possessive of a singular name is formed by adding an apostrophe and an s even when the name ends in s see p.