How To Use Et Al In Citation

For parenthetical citation of a work with 6 or more authors.

How to use et al in citation. For example blythe et al 2003. In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others. Use the lead author s name and et al. Russell tony et al. For all in text citations.

The use of et al is the same in both styles. Include the surname of the first author followed by et al if the source you re citing has 4 or more authors type the surname of the first author listed on the title page followed by a space and the abbreviation et al then type a space and add the year the source was published. Or other abbreviations that indicate more content than listed. On the subsequent citations for three four or five authors. Include the name of only the first author s last name plus et al in every citation.

And articles with six or more authors are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al. Specifically articles with one or two authors include all names in every in text citation. Should not be confused with etc. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then using et al for the second and subsequent citations. Articles with three four or five authors include all names in the first in text citation but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al.

With in text citation is there. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. For example props f. You can use et al. After the first author.

For sources with four or more authors use the first name followed by et al. In both the in text citation and in the works cited page. The phrase et al is used with in text citations only when referencing a source that has three or more authors. You should always use the name of the writer listed first in the source material. As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al.