When And How To Use Et Al
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Means and others and abbreviates people in a list while etc.
When and how to use et al. Is most commonly found in scholarly writing especially when used to avoid having to list a number of different authors in a bibliography or footnote. Include the name of only the first author s last name plus et al in every citation. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then using et al for the second and subsequent citations. 2019 argue that different citation styles have different rules for when to use et al below we explain the rules for apa mla and chicago. Often appears in academic documents.
Are used frequently and often incorrectly. Indicates other contributors authors editors etc in a bibliographic list such as feynman hawking sagan et al there should always be a period after et al. The abbreviation et al. Can be used to abbreviate almost anything. As usual but also include lowercase letters after the year 2010a 2010b etc to tell the references apart.
This is a big change from the 6 th edition where it was also used in the reference list. To show it is an abbreviation. This means that references in apa 7 do not use the phrase et al in text citation format with et al. A period is always used after et al since the term is used to abbreviate the latin term et alii there are several rules however both formal and informal that are required for proper usage of et al. The phrase et al is used with in text citations only when referencing a source that has three or more authors.
For example when a book has multiple authors et al. Place a comma after the year then use p for a single page or pp for a range. You can use it when describing the people who came to a dinner party but it may sound rather odd. Namely use et al. If it happens that all the author names are exactly the same and the studies were published in the same year as well the method of citation described in the reference twins post applies.
Can be used after the first name to indicate that there are more than two other authors who worked on the project. Latin abbreviations like etc. Et al is short for the latin term et alia meaning and others it is used in academic citations when referring to a source with multiple authors. It is generally used in footnotes and citations. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity.
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